Assertions no Playwright: O Guia Completo

Como as assertions do Playwright funcionam

As assertions do Playwright usam a função expect() do @playwright/test. Não são as mesmas do expect do Jest. A versão do Playwright é assíncrona e tem lógica de retry nativa.

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

A diferença principal em relação à maioria dos frameworks de teste: as assertions do Playwright fazem retry automaticamente. Quando você escreve:

await expect(page.getByText('Welcome')).toBeVisible();

O Playwright não verifica só uma vez. Verifica repetidamente por até 5 segundos (o expect timeout padrão), aguardando a condição se tornar verdadeira. Isso elimina a necessidade de chamadas manuais de waitFor em 90% dos casos.

Se a condição nunca se tornar verdadeira dentro do timeout, o teste falha com uma mensagem clara mostrando o que era esperado e o que realmente existia.

Assertions de elemento (baseadas em locator)

Essas verificam propriedades de um elemento específico na página.

toBeVisible / toBeHidden

// Elemento está renderizado e visível para o usuário
await expect(page.getByText('Dashboard')).toBeVisible();

// Elemento não está presente, ou está presente mas oculto (display:none, visibility:hidden, opacity:0)
await expect(page.getByRole('dialog')).toBeHidden();

toHaveText / toContainText

// Correspondência exata de texto (remove espaços em branco automaticamente)
await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { level: 1 })).toHaveText('My Travel Items');

// Correspondência parcial de texto
await expect(page.getByRole('heading')).toContainText('Travel');

// Array: verificar texto de múltiplos elementos
await expect(page.getByRole('listitem')).toHaveText(['Tokyo', 'Paris', 'London']);

// Regex: correspondência por padrão
await expect(page.getByTestId('price')).toHaveText(/\$\d+\.\d{2}/);

toHaveValue

Para elementos , </code> e <code><select></code>:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// Input de texto await expect(page.getByLabel('Email')).toHaveValue('admin@becomeqa.com'); // Input vazio await expect(page.getByLabel('Search')).toHaveValue(''); // Dropdown select await expect(page.getByLabel('Status')).toHaveValue('completed');</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h3 id="tobechecked-nottobechecked">toBeChecked / not.toBeChecked</h3> <p>Para checkboxes e radio buttons:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">await expect(page.getByLabel('Lembrar de mim')).toBeChecked(); await expect(page.getByLabel('Assinar newsletter')).not.toBeChecked();</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h3 id="tobeenabled-tobedisabled">toBeEnabled / toBeDisabled</h3> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// Botão está clicável await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' })).toBeEnabled(); // Botão está desabilitado / tem atributo disabled await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save' })).toBeDisabled();</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <p>Use isso para verificar que um botão de submit só fica habilitado após os campos obrigatórios serem preenchidos.</p> <h3 id="tobeeditable-tobereadonly">toBeEditable / toBeReadOnly</h3> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">await expect(page.getByLabel('Username')).toBeEditable(); await expect(page.getByLabel('Created At')).toBeReadOnly();</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h3 id="tohaveattribute">toHaveAttribute</h3> <p>Verifique qualquer atributo HTML:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// href em um link await expect(page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Home' })).toHaveAttribute('href', '/'); // data-testid await expect(page.getByTestId('status-badge')).toHaveAttribute('data-status', 'active'); // aria-label await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Close' })).toHaveAttribute('aria-label', 'Close dialog'); // Correspondência de valor por regex await expect(page.getByRole('img')).toHaveAttribute('src', /\/images\/.+\.svg/);</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h3 id="tohaveclass">toHaveClass</h3> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// Elemento tem essa classe CSS await expect(page.getByTestId('alert')).toHaveClass(/error/); // Lista exata de classes await expect(page.getByTestId('button')).toHaveClass('btn btn-primary active');</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <p>Atenção: <code>toHaveClass</code> verifica se a classe está presente, não se é a única. Use regex para correspondências parciais.</p> <h3 id="tohavecount">toHaveCount</h3> <p>Para coleções de elementos:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// Tabela tem cabeçalho + 5 linhas de dados await expect(page.getByRole('row')).toHaveCount(6); // Dropdown tem 4 opções await expect(page.getByRole('option')).toHaveCount(4); // Sem mensagens de erro await expect(page.getByRole('alert')).toHaveCount(0);</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h3 id="tohavecss">toHaveCSS</h3> <p>Verifique propriedades CSS computadas:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">await expect(page.getByTestId('error-message')).toHaveCSS('color', 'rgb(220, 38, 38)'); await expect(page.getByRole('dialog')).toHaveCSS('display', 'flex');</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <p>Use valores computados (<code>rgb(...)</code>) e não variáveis CSS ou propriedades shorthand.</p> <h2 id="assertions-de-pgina">Assertions de página</h2> <p>Essas verificam propriedades da página inteira, não de um elemento específico.</p> <h3 id="tohaveurl">toHaveURL</h3> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// URL exata await expect(page).toHaveURL('https://lab.becomeqa.com/dashboard'); // Correspondência parcial com regex await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/dashboard/); // Com baseURL configurada no playwright.config.ts await expect(page).toHaveURL('/dashboard');</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <p>Use após uma navegação para confirmar que você chegou onde esperava.</p> <h3 id="tohavetitle">toHaveTitle</h3> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">await expect(page).toHaveTitle('My Travel Items | BecomeQA Lab'); await expect(page).toHaveTitle(/BecomeQA/);</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h3 id="tohavescreenshot-regresso-visual">toHaveScreenshot (regressão visual)</h3> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// Primeira execução cria a screenshot de referência // Execuções seguintes comparam com ela await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('dashboard.png'); // Com opções await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('dashboard.png', { maxDiffPixels: 100, // permite diferenças menores de pixels threshold: 0.2, // escala 0-1 de tolerância de diferença de cor });</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <p>Testes de regressão visual: a primeira execução salva uma imagem de referência. Todas as execuções seguintes comparam o estado atual com essa referência. Falha se diferem além do threshold.</p> <h2 id="assertions-de-resposta-de-api">Assertions de resposta de API</h2> <p>Ao usar a fixture <code>request</code> para testes de API:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">test('GET /api/items retorna dados válidos', async ({ request }) => { const response = await request.get('/api/items'); // Status code expect(response.status()).toBe(200); expect(response.ok()).toBeTruthy(); // true para 200-299 // Body da resposta const items = await response.json(); expect(items).toHaveLength(5); expect(items[0]).toHaveProperty('id'); expect(items[0]).toHaveProperty('title'); expect(items[0].status).toBe('planned'); // Headers expect(response.headers()['content-type']).toContain('application/json'); });</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <p>Atenção: <code>response.ok()</code> é um método nativo (não uma assertion) que retorna true para status codes 2xx.</p> <h2 id="assertions-de-valores-genricos">Assertions de valores genéricos</h2> <p>Para valores que não são elementos, como variáveis, respostas de API e valores computados:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// Igualdade expect(items.length).toBe(5); expect(user.role).toBe('admin'); // Diferente expect(errorCode).not.toBe(0); // Truthy/falsy expect(isVisible).toBeTruthy(); expect(errorMessage).toBeFalsy(); // Null/undefined expect(result).toBeNull(); expect(result).not.toBeNull(); expect(result).toBeDefined(); expect(result).toBeUndefined(); // Números expect(count).toBeGreaterThan(0); expect(price).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(9.99); expect(discount).toBeLessThan(100); // Arrays expect(statuses).toContain('completed'); expect(items).toHaveLength(3); expect(tags).toEqual(['qa', 'automation', 'playwright']); // correspondência exata de array // Objetos expect(user).toMatchObject({ email: 'admin@becomeqa.com', role: 'admin' }); // correspondência parcial expect(user).toEqual({ id: 1, email: 'admin@becomeqa.com', role: 'admin' }); // correspondência exata // Strings expect(message).toContain('success'); expect(slug).toMatch(/^[a-z0-9-]+$/);</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h2 id="negao-not">Negação: not</h2> <p>Toda assertion pode ser negada com <code>.not</code>:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">await expect(page.getByRole('dialog')).not.toBeVisible(); await expect(page.getByText('Error')).not.toBeAttached(); expect(response.status()).not.toBe(404);</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h2 id="soft-assertions-coletar-todas-as-falhas">Soft assertions: coletar todas as falhas</h2> <p>Por padrão, a primeira assertion com falha para o teste. Soft assertions continuam rodando mesmo após uma falha e reportam todas no final:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">test('dados do dashboard estão corretos', async ({ page }) => { await page.goto('/dashboard'); // Essas não param na primeira falha await expect.soft(page.getByRole('heading')).toHaveText('My Travel Items'); await expect.soft(page.getByRole('row')).toHaveCount(6); await expect.soft(page).toHaveURL('/dashboard'); // Isso lança erro se qualquer soft assertion acima falhou expect(test.info().errors).toHaveLength(0); });</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <p>Use soft assertions quando quiser ver tudo que está quebrado em uma execução, não apenas a primeira falha.</p> <h2 id="mensagens-de-assertion-customizadas">Mensagens de assertion customizadas</h2> <p>Quando uma assertion falha, o Playwright mostra o que era esperado vs. o que foi encontrado. Você pode adicionar uma mensagem customizada para tornar as falhas mais legíveis:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">await expect(page.getByRole('heading'), 'Página deve mostrar o dashboard após login') .toHaveText('My Travel Items'); expect(items.length, `Esperava 5 itens mas encontrou ${items.length}`) .toBe(5);</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h2 id="configurando-timeouts">Configurando timeouts</h2> <p>O timeout padrão de assertion é 5 segundos. Você pode sobrescrevê-lo por assertion ou globalmente:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// Por assertion (10 segundos para uma operação lenta) await expect(page.getByText('Relatório pronto')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 }); // Global no playwright.config.ts export default defineConfig({ expect: { timeout: 10000, // todas as assertions aguardam até 10 segundos }, });</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <p>Não aumente timeouts para corrigir testes flaky. Um teste flaky com timeout maior continua flaky. Só falha mais devagar. Corrija a causa raiz.</p> <h2 id="erros-comuns">Erros comuns</h2> <strong>Usar <code>page.locator().isVisible()</code> em vez de <code>expect().toBeVisible()</code></strong> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// Errado: verifica uma vez, sem retry, retorna booleano const visible = await page.getByText('Success').isVisible(); expect(visible).toBe(true); // Certo: faz retry até estar visível ou timeout await expect(page.getByText('Success')).toBeVisible();</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <p>A primeira versão pode falhar de forma intermitente porque verifica exatamente uma vez. A segunda faz retry.</p> <strong>Assertar em locators desatualizados</strong> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// Não salve locators antes da navegação e assertar depois const heading = page.getByRole('heading'); await page.goto('/nova-pagina'); await expect(heading).toHaveText('Nova Página'); // pode estar stale // Melhor: crie o locator próximo à assertion await page.goto('/nova-pagina'); await expect(page.getByRole('heading')).toHaveText('Nova Página');</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <strong>Usar <code>expect(await locator.textContent()).toBe(...)</code> em vez de <code>toHaveText</code></strong> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">// Errado: avalia uma vez, sem retry expect(await page.getByRole('heading').textContent()).toBe('Dashboard'); // Certo: faz retry com auto-waiting await expect(page.getByRole('heading')).toHaveText('Dashboard');</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <strong>Assertar count em listas dinâmicas</strong> <p>Se uma lista carrega de forma assíncrona, assertar o count após confirmar que a lista está visível:</p> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">await expect(page.getByRole('list')).toBeVisible(); // espera a lista aparecer await expect(page.getByRole('listitem')).toHaveCount(5); // depois conta os itens</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h2 id="um-teste-completo-usando-mltiplos-tipos-de-assertion">Um teste completo usando múltiplos tipos de assertion</h2> <p><div class="pre-wrap" data-lang="typescript"><pre data-lang="typescript"><code class="language-typescript">import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'; test('usuário pode adicionar e visualizar um item de viagem', async ({ page }) => { await page.goto('/'); await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Login' }).click(); await page.getByLabel('Username').fill('admin@becomeqa.com'); await page.getByLabel('Password').fill('testpass123'); await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' }).click(); // Assertion de página: verificar navegação await expect(page).toHaveURL('/dashboard'); // Assertion de visibilidade await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { level: 1 })).toBeVisible(); // Assertion de texto await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { level: 1 })).toHaveText('My Travel Items'); // Adicionar um novo item await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Add Item' }).click(); await page.getByLabel('Destination').fill('Tokyo'); await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save' }).click(); // Assertion de count: tabela deve ter mais uma linha const rows = page.getByRole('row'); await expect(rows).toHaveCount(7); // cabeçalho + 6 itens // Assertion de conteúdo de texto na nova linha await expect(page.getByRole('cell', { name: 'Tokyo' })).toBeVisible(); // Assertion de status no novo item const tokyoRow = page.getByRole('row').filter({ hasText: 'Tokyo' }); await expect(tokyoRow.getByRole('cell').last()).toHaveText('Planned'); });</code></pre><button class="copy-btn">Copy</button></div></p> <h2 id="faq">FAQ</h2> <strong>Por que minha assertion passa localmente mas falha no CI?</strong> <p>Timing. Máquinas de CI são mais lentas. O elemento existe mas demora mais para aparecer. Aumente o timeout de assertion no <code>playwright.config.ts</code> ou investigue por que o elemento carrega mais devagar em ambientes de CI.</p> <strong>Qual a diferença entre <code>toEqual</code> e <code>toBe</code>?</strong> <code>toBe</code> verifica igualdade por referência (mesmo objeto na memória, ou primitivos idênticos). <code>toEqual</code> verifica igualdade profunda (mesma estrutura e valores, funciona para objetos e arrays). Para comparar objetos e arrays, use <code>toEqual</code>. Para strings, números e booleanos, use <code>toBe</code>. <strong>Quando usar <code>toMatchObject</code> vs <code>toEqual</code>?</strong> <code>toMatchObject</code> é uma correspondência parcial. O objeto real pode ter mais propriedades do que você especifica. <code>toEqual</code> exige uma correspondência exata. Para respostas de API onde você quer verificar campos principais sem listar todos, use <code>toMatchObject</code>. <strong>Meu <code>toHaveText</code> falha porque o texto real tem espaço em branco extra. Como corrigir?</strong> <code>toHaveText</code> remove espaços em branco no início e no final automaticamente. Para espaço em branco interno (múltiplos espaços, quebras de linha), use regex: <code>toHaveText(/destination:\s+Tokyo/i)</code>. <strong>→ Veja também:</strong> <a href="/pt/articles/playwright-custom-fixtures">Fixtures Personalizados no Playwright: O Padrão que Torna os Testes Legíveis</a> | <a href="/pt/articles/debugging-flaky-tests-complete-guide">Depurando Testes Instáveis: Um Guia Prático</a> </div><div class="related-section"><h2 class="related-section__title">Continue reading</h2><div class="related-grid"><a class="related-card" href="/pt/articles/getting-started-with-playwright"><img src="/images/covers/getting-started-with-playwright.svg" alt="Começando com Playwright: Seus Primeiros Testes em 30 Minutos" class="related-card__image"/><div class="related-card__body"><p class="related-card__title">Começando com Playwright: Seus Primeiros Testes em 30 Minutos</p><p class="related-card__meta">10 min read</p></div></a><a class="related-card" 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M257.5 445.1l-22.2 22.2c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 273c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L201.4 44.7c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.2 22.2c9.5 9.5 9.3 25-.4 34.3L136.6 216H424c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v32c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24H136.6l120.5 114.8c9.8 9.3 10 24.8.4 34.3z"></path></svg> <!-- -->All articles</a></div></div><aside class="article-toc"><div class="toc"><p class="toc__title">On this page</p><nav><a href="#como-as-assertions-do-playwright-funcionam" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Como as assertions do Playwright funcionam</a><a href="#assertions-de-elemento-baseadas-em-locator" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Assertions de elemento (baseadas em locator)</a><a href="#tobevisible-tobehidden" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toBeVisible / toBeHidden</a><a href="#tohavetext-tocontaintext" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toHaveText / toContainText</a><a href="#tohavevalue" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toHaveValue</a><a href="#tobechecked-nottobechecked" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toBeChecked / not.toBeChecked</a><a href="#tobeenabled-tobedisabled" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toBeEnabled / toBeDisabled</a><a href="#tobeeditable-tobereadonly" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toBeEditable / toBeReadOnly</a><a href="#tohaveattribute" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toHaveAttribute</a><a href="#tohaveclass" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toHaveClass</a><a href="#tohavecount" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toHaveCount</a><a href="#tohavecss" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toHaveCSS</a><a href="#assertions-de-pgina" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Assertions de página</a><a href="#tohaveurl" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toHaveURL</a><a href="#tohavetitle" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toHaveTitle</a><a href="#tohavescreenshot-regresso-visual" class="toc__link toc__link--h3">toHaveScreenshot (regressão visual)</a><a href="#assertions-de-resposta-de-api" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Assertions de resposta de API</a><a href="#assertions-de-valores-genricos" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Assertions de valores genéricos</a><a href="#negao-not" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Negação: not</a><a href="#soft-assertions-coletar-todas-as-falhas" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Soft assertions: coletar todas as falhas</a><a href="#mensagens-de-assertion-customizadas" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Mensagens de assertion customizadas</a><a href="#configurando-timeouts" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Configurando timeouts</a><a href="#erros-comuns" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Erros comuns</a><a href="#um-teste-completo-usando-mltiplos-tipos-de-assertion" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">Um teste completo usando múltiplos tipos de assertion</a><a href="#faq" class="toc__link toc__link--h2">FAQ</a></nav></div></aside></div></main><!--$?--><template id="B:1"></template><!--/$--><footer class="bg-[var(--color-bg)] mt-auto py-8 px-8 max-sm:py-6 max-sm:px-4" style="border-top:1px solid 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retorna um booleano verificando o DOM exatamente uma vez: se o elemento ainda não renderizou, você recebe `false` mesmo que ele apareça 200ms depois. `expect(page.getByText('Success')).toBeVisible()` tenta novamente por até 5 segundos antes de falhar. Esse comportamento de retry é o núcleo do design de assertions do Playwright, e a maioria dos erros de iniciantes vem de não saber quais métodos o têm.\n## Como as assertions do Playwright funcionam\n\nAs assertions do Playwright usam a função `expect()` do `@playwright/test`. Não são as mesmas do `expect` do Jest. A versão do Playwright é assíncrona e tem lógica de retry nativa.\n\n~~~typescript\nimport { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';\n~~~\n\nA diferença principal em relação à maioria dos frameworks de teste: **as assertions do Playwright fazem retry automaticamente**. Quando você escreve:\n\n~~~typescript\nawait expect(page.getByText('Welcome')).toBeVisible();\n~~~\n\nO Playwright não verifica só uma vez. Verifica repetidamente por até 5 segundos (o `expect timeout` padrão), aguardando a condição se tornar verdadeira. Isso elimina a necessidade de chamadas manuais de `waitFor` em 90% dos casos.\n\nSe a condição nunca se tornar verdadeira dentro do timeout, o teste falha com uma mensagem clara mostrando o que era esperado e o que realmente existia.\n\n## Assertions de elemento (baseadas em locator)\n\nEssas verificam propriedades de um elemento específico na página.\n\n### toBeVisible / toBeHidden\n\n~~~typescript\n// Elemento está renderizado e visível para o usuário\nawait expect(page.getByText('Dashboard')).toBeVisible();\n\n// Elemento não está presente, ou está presente mas oculto (display:none, visibility:hidden, opacity:0)\nawait expect(page.getByRole('dialog')).toBeHidden();\n~~~\n\n`toBeHidden()` é verdadeiro se o elemento não existe OU se existe mas está invisível. Use `not.toBeAttached()` se precisar confirmar especificamente que o elemento não está no DOM.\n\n### toHaveText / toContainText\n\n~~~typescript\n// Correspondência exata de texto (remove espaços em branco automaticamente)\nawait expect(page.getByRole('heading', { level: 1 })).toHaveText('My Travel Items');\n\n// Correspondência parcial de texto\nawait expect(page.getByRole('heading')).toContainText('Travel');\n\n// Array: verificar texto de múltiplos elementos\nawait expect(page.getByRole('listitem')).toHaveText(['Tokyo', 'Paris', 'London']);\n\n// Regex: correspondência por padrão\nawait expect(page.getByTestId('price')).toHaveText(/\\$\\d+\\.\\d{2}/);\n~~~\n\n`toHaveText` com array verifica o texto completo de cada elemento na ordem. Muito útil para confirmar linhas de tabela ou listas ordenadas.\n\n### toHaveValue\n\nPara elementos `\u003cinput\u003e`, `\u003ctextarea\u003e` e `\u003cselect\u003e`:\n\n~~~typescript\n// Input de texto\nawait expect(page.getByLabel('Email')).toHaveValue('admin@becomeqa.com');\n\n// Input vazio\nawait expect(page.getByLabel('Search')).toHaveValue('');\n\n// Dropdown select\nawait expect(page.getByLabel('Status')).toHaveValue('completed');\n~~~\n\n### toBeChecked / not.toBeChecked\n\nPara checkboxes e radio buttons:\n\n~~~typescript\nawait expect(page.getByLabel('Lembrar de mim')).toBeChecked();\nawait expect(page.getByLabel('Assinar newsletter')).not.toBeChecked();\n~~~\n\n### toBeEnabled / toBeDisabled\n\n~~~typescript\n// Botão está clicável\nawait expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' })).toBeEnabled();\n\n// Botão está desabilitado / tem atributo disabled\nawait expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save' })).toBeDisabled();\n~~~\n\nUse isso para verificar que um botão de submit só fica habilitado após os campos obrigatórios serem preenchidos.\n\n### toBeEditable / toBeReadOnly\n\n~~~typescript\nawait expect(page.getByLabel('Username')).toBeEditable();\nawait expect(page.getByLabel('Created At')).toBeReadOnly();\n~~~\n\n### toHaveAttribute\n\nVerifique qualquer atributo HTML:\n\n~~~typescript\n// href em um link\nawait expect(page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Home' })).toHaveAttribute('href', '/');\n\n// data-testid\nawait expect(page.getByTestId('status-badge')).toHaveAttribute('data-status', 'active');\n\n// aria-label\nawait expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Close' })).toHaveAttribute('aria-label', 'Close dialog');\n\n// Correspondência de valor por regex\nawait expect(page.getByRole('img')).toHaveAttribute('src', /\\/images\\/.+\\.svg/);\n~~~\n\n### toHaveClass\n\n~~~typescript\n// Elemento tem essa classe CSS\nawait expect(page.getByTestId('alert')).toHaveClass(/error/);\n\n// Lista exata de classes\nawait expect(page.getByTestId('button')).toHaveClass('btn btn-primary active');\n~~~\n\nAtenção: `toHaveClass` verifica se a classe está presente, não se é a única. Use regex para correspondências parciais.\n\n### toHaveCount\n\nPara coleções de elementos:\n\n~~~typescript\n// Tabela tem cabeçalho + 5 linhas de dados\nawait expect(page.getByRole('row')).toHaveCount(6);\n\n// Dropdown tem 4 opções\nawait expect(page.getByRole('option')).toHaveCount(4);\n\n// Sem mensagens de erro\nawait expect(page.getByRole('alert')).toHaveCount(0);\n~~~\n\n### toHaveCSS\n\nVerifique propriedades CSS computadas:\n\n~~~typescript\nawait expect(page.getByTestId('error-message')).toHaveCSS('color', 'rgb(220, 38, 38)');\nawait expect(page.getByRole('dialog')).toHaveCSS('display', 'flex');\n~~~\n\nUse valores computados (`rgb(...)`) e não variáveis CSS ou propriedades shorthand.\n\n## Assertions de página\n\nEssas verificam propriedades da página inteira, não de um elemento específico.\n\n### toHaveURL\n\n~~~typescript\n// URL exata\nawait expect(page).toHaveURL('https://lab.becomeqa.com/dashboard');\n\n// Correspondência parcial com regex\nawait expect(page).toHaveURL(/\\/dashboard/);\n\n// Com baseURL configurada no playwright.config.ts\nawait expect(page).toHaveURL('/dashboard');\n~~~\n\nUse após uma navegação para confirmar que você chegou onde esperava.\n\n### toHaveTitle\n\n~~~typescript\nawait expect(page).toHaveTitle('My Travel Items | BecomeQA Lab');\nawait expect(page).toHaveTitle(/BecomeQA/);\n~~~\n\n### toHaveScreenshot (regressão visual)\n\n~~~typescript\n// Primeira execução cria a screenshot de referência\n// Execuções seguintes comparam com ela\nawait expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('dashboard.png');\n\n// Com opções\nawait expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('dashboard.png', {\n maxDiffPixels: 100, // permite diferenças menores de pixels\n threshold: 0.2, // escala 0-1 de tolerância de diferença de cor\n});\n~~~\n\nTestes de regressão visual: a primeira execução salva uma imagem de referência. Todas as execuções seguintes comparam o estado atual com essa referência. Falha se diferem além do threshold.\n\n## Assertions de resposta de API\n\nAo usar a fixture `request` para testes de API:\n\n~~~typescript\ntest('GET /api/items retorna dados válidos', async ({ request }) =\u003e {\n const response = await request.get('/api/items');\n \n // Status code\n expect(response.status()).toBe(200);\n expect(response.ok()).toBeTruthy(); // true para 200-299\n \n // Body da resposta\n const items = await response.json();\n expect(items).toHaveLength(5);\n expect(items[0]).toHaveProperty('id');\n expect(items[0]).toHaveProperty('title');\n expect(items[0].status).toBe('planned');\n \n // Headers\n expect(response.headers()['content-type']).toContain('application/json');\n});\n~~~\n\nAtenção: `response.ok()` é um método nativo (não uma assertion) que retorna true para status codes 2xx.\n\n## Assertions de valores genéricos\n\nPara valores que não são elementos, como variáveis, respostas de API e valores computados:\n\n~~~typescript\n// Igualdade\nexpect(items.length).toBe(5);\nexpect(user.role).toBe('admin');\n\n// Diferente\nexpect(errorCode).not.toBe(0);\n\n// Truthy/falsy\nexpect(isVisible).toBeTruthy();\nexpect(errorMessage).toBeFalsy();\n\n// Null/undefined\nexpect(result).toBeNull();\nexpect(result).not.toBeNull();\nexpect(result).toBeDefined();\nexpect(result).toBeUndefined();\n\n// Números\nexpect(count).toBeGreaterThan(0);\nexpect(price).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(9.99);\nexpect(discount).toBeLessThan(100);\n\n// Arrays\nexpect(statuses).toContain('completed');\nexpect(items).toHaveLength(3);\nexpect(tags).toEqual(['qa', 'automation', 'playwright']); // correspondência exata de array\n\n// Objetos\nexpect(user).toMatchObject({ email: 'admin@becomeqa.com', role: 'admin' }); // correspondência parcial\nexpect(user).toEqual({ id: 1, email: 'admin@becomeqa.com', role: 'admin' }); // correspondência exata\n\n// Strings\nexpect(message).toContain('success');\nexpect(slug).toMatch(/^[a-z0-9-]+$/);\n~~~\n\n## Negação: not\n\nToda assertion pode ser negada com `.not`:\n\n~~~typescript\nawait expect(page.getByRole('dialog')).not.toBeVisible();\nawait expect(page.getByText('Error')).not.toBeAttached();\nexpect(response.status()).not.toBe(404);\n~~~\n\n## Soft assertions: coletar todas as falhas\n\nPor padrão, a primeira assertion com falha para o teste. Soft assertions continuam rodando mesmo após uma falha e reportam todas no final:\n\n~~~typescript\ntest('dados do dashboard estão corretos', async ({ page }) =\u003e {\n await page.goto('/dashboard');\n \n // Essas não param na primeira falha\n await expect.soft(page.getByRole('heading')).toHaveText('My Travel Items');\n await expect.soft(page.getByRole('row')).toHaveCount(6);\n await expect.soft(page).toHaveURL('/dashboard');\n \n // Isso lança erro se qualquer soft assertion acima falhou\n expect(test.info().errors).toHaveLength(0);\n});\n~~~\n\nUse soft assertions quando quiser ver tudo que está quebrado em uma execução, não apenas a primeira falha.\n\n## Mensagens de assertion customizadas\n\nQuando uma assertion falha, o Playwright mostra o que era esperado vs. o que foi encontrado. Você pode adicionar uma mensagem customizada para tornar as falhas mais legíveis:\n\n~~~typescript\nawait expect(page.getByRole('heading'), 'Página deve mostrar o dashboard após login')\n .toHaveText('My Travel Items');\n\nexpect(items.length, `Esperava 5 itens mas encontrou ${items.length}`)\n .toBe(5);\n~~~\n\n## Configurando timeouts\n\nO timeout padrão de assertion é 5 segundos. Você pode sobrescrevê-lo por assertion ou globalmente:\n\n~~~typescript\n// Por assertion (10 segundos para uma operação lenta)\nawait expect(page.getByText('Relatório pronto')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });\n\n// Global no playwright.config.ts\nexport default defineConfig({\n expect: {\n timeout: 10000, // todas as assertions aguardam até 10 segundos\n },\n});\n~~~\n\nNão aumente timeouts para corrigir testes flaky. Um teste flaky com timeout maior continua flaky. Só falha mais devagar. Corrija a causa raiz.\n\n## Erros comuns\n\n**Usar `page.locator().isVisible()` em vez de `expect().toBeVisible()`**\n\n~~~typescript\n// Errado: verifica uma vez, sem retry, retorna booleano\nconst visible = await page.getByText('Success').isVisible();\nexpect(visible).toBe(true);\n\n// Certo: faz retry até estar visível ou timeout\nawait expect(page.getByText('Success')).toBeVisible();\n~~~\n\nA primeira versão pode falhar de forma intermitente porque verifica exatamente uma vez. A segunda faz retry.\n\n**Assertar em locators desatualizados**\n\n~~~typescript\n// Não salve locators antes da navegação e assertar depois\nconst heading = page.getByRole('heading');\nawait page.goto('/nova-pagina');\nawait expect(heading).toHaveText('Nova Página'); // pode estar stale\n\n// Melhor: crie o locator próximo à assertion\nawait page.goto('/nova-pagina');\nawait expect(page.getByRole('heading')).toHaveText('Nova Página');\n~~~\n\n**Usar `expect(await locator.textContent()).toBe(...)` em vez de `toHaveText`**\n\n~~~typescript\n// Errado: avalia uma vez, sem retry\nexpect(await page.getByRole('heading').textContent()).toBe('Dashboard');\n\n// Certo: faz retry com auto-waiting\nawait expect(page.getByRole('heading')).toHaveText('Dashboard');\n~~~\n\n**Assertar count em listas dinâmicas**\n\nSe uma lista carrega de forma assíncrona, assertar o count após confirmar que a lista está visível:\n\n~~~typescript\nawait expect(page.getByRole('list')).toBeVisible(); // espera a lista aparecer\nawait expect(page.getByRole('listitem')).toHaveCount(5); // depois conta os itens\n~~~\n\n## Um teste completo usando múltiplos tipos de assertion\n\n~~~typescript\nimport { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';\n\ntest('usuário pode adicionar e visualizar um item de viagem', async ({ page }) =\u003e {\n await page.goto('/');\n await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Login' }).click();\n await page.getByLabel('Username').fill('admin@becomeqa.com');\n await page.getByLabel('Password').fill('testpass123');\n await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' }).click();\n\n // Assertion de página: verificar navegação\n await expect(page).toHaveURL('/dashboard');\n\n // Assertion de visibilidade\n await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { level: 1 })).toBeVisible();\n\n // Assertion de texto\n await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { level: 1 })).toHaveText('My Travel Items');\n\n // Adicionar um novo item\n await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Add Item' }).click();\n await page.getByLabel('Destination').fill('Tokyo');\n await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save' }).click();\n\n // Assertion de count: tabela deve ter mais uma linha\n const rows = page.getByRole('row');\n await expect(rows).toHaveCount(7); // cabeçalho + 6 itens\n\n // Assertion de conteúdo de texto na nova linha\n await expect(page.getByRole('cell', { name: 'Tokyo' })).toBeVisible();\n\n // Assertion de status no novo item\n const tokyoRow = page.getByRole('row').filter({ hasText: 'Tokyo' });\n await expect(tokyoRow.getByRole('cell').last()).toHaveText('Planned');\n});\n~~~\n\n## FAQ\n\n**Por que minha assertion passa localmente mas falha no CI?**\n\nTiming. Máquinas de CI são mais lentas. O elemento existe mas demora mais para aparecer. Aumente o timeout de assertion no `playwright.config.ts` ou investigue por que o elemento carrega mais devagar em ambientes de CI.\n\n**Qual a diferença entre `toEqual` e `toBe`?**\n\n`toBe` verifica igualdade por referência (mesmo objeto na memória, ou primitivos idênticos). `toEqual` verifica igualdade profunda (mesma estrutura e valores, funciona para objetos e arrays). Para comparar objetos e arrays, use `toEqual`. Para strings, números e booleanos, use `toBe`.\n\n**Quando usar `toMatchObject` vs `toEqual`?**\n\n`toMatchObject` é uma correspondência parcial. O objeto real pode ter mais propriedades do que você especifica. `toEqual` exige uma correspondência exata. Para respostas de API onde você quer verificar campos principais sem listar todos, use `toMatchObject`.\n\n**Meu `toHaveText` falha porque o texto real tem espaço em branco extra. Como corrigir?**\n\n`toHaveText` remove espaços em branco no início e no final automaticamente. Para espaço em branco interno (múltiplos espaços, quebras de linha), use regex: `toHaveText(/destination:\\s+Tokyo/i)`.\n\n**→ Veja também:** [Fixtures Customizadas no Playwright](playwright-custom-fixtures) | [Debugando Testes Flaky: Um Guia Prático](debugging-flaky-tests-complete-guide)\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6:[[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"{\\\"@context\\\":\\\"https://schema.org\\\",\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Article\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Assertions no Playwright: O Guia Completo\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Guia completo de assertions no Playwright: toBeVisible, toHaveText, toHaveURL, toHaveCount, soft assertions, API assertions, timeouts e erros comuns.\\\",\\\"image\\\":\\\"https://becomeqa.com/images/covers/playwright-assertions-deep-dive-pt.svg\\\",\\\"author\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Dzmitry Karpau\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://becomeqa.com/about\\\"},\\\"publisher\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"BecomeQA\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://becomeqa.com\\\"},\\\"datePublished\\\":\\\"2026-05-15\\\",\\\"dateModified\\\":\\\"2026-05-15\\\",\\\"keywords\\\":\\\"playwright, assertions, test-automation, getting-started\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://becomeqa.com/articles/playwright-assertions-deep-dive\\\"}\"}}],[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"{\\\"@context\\\":\\\"https://schema.org\\\",\\\"@type\\\":\\\"BreadcrumbList\\\",\\\"itemListElement\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"ListItem\\\",\\\"position\\\":1,\\\"name\\\":\\\"Home\\\",\\\"item\\\":\\\"https://becomeqa.com/\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"ListItem\\\",\\\"position\\\":2,\\\"name\\\":\\\"Articles\\\",\\\"item\\\":\\\"https://becomeqa.com/articles\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"ListItem\\\",\\\"position\\\":3,\\\"name\\\":\\\"Assertions no Playwright: O Guia Completo\\\",\\\"item\\\":\\\"https://becomeqa.com/articles/playwright-assertions-deep-dive\\\"}]}\"}}],[\"$\",\"$L11\",null,{\"article\":{\"id\":29,\"slug\":\"playwright-assertions-deep-dive\",\"title\":\"Assertions no Playwright: O Guia Completo\",\"category\":\"playwright\",\"difficulty\":\"beginner\",\"preview\":\"Sem assertions, você está apenas clicando em uma página. 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